Ninety-Degree Chevron Osteotomy for Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity: Clinical Data and Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

Hallux valgus is a very common foot disorder, with its prevalence estimated at 33% in adult shoe-wearing populations. Conservative management is the initial treatment of choice for this condition, but surgery is sometimes needed. The 60⁰ angle Chevron osteotomy is an accepted method for correction of mild to moderate hallux valgus in adults less than 60 years old. A modified 90⁰ angle Chevron osteotomy has also been described; this modified technique can confer some advantages compared to the 60⁰ angle method, and reported results are good. In the current work we present clinical data from a cohort of fifty-one female patients who had surgery for sixty-two hallux valgus deformities. In addition, in order to get a better physical insight and study the mechanical stresses along the two osteotomies, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was also conducted. FEA indicated enhanced mechanical bonding with the modified 90⁰ Chevron osteotomy, because the compressive stresses that keep the two bone parts together are stronger, and the shearing stresses that tend to slide the two bone parts apart are weaker, compared to the typical 60⁰ technique. Follow-up data on our patient cohort show good or excellent long-term clinical results with the modified 90⁰ angle technique. These results are consistent with the FEA-based hypothesis that a 90⁰ Chevron osteotomy confers certain mechanical advantages compared to the typical 60⁰ procedure.