REVIEW ARTICLE
Nanoscale Surface Modifications of Orthopaedic Implants: State of the Art and Perspectives
RMT Staruch1, *, MF Griffin1, PEM Butler1, 2
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2016Volume: 10
Issue: Suppl-3, M9
First Page: 920
Last Page: 938
Publisher ID: TOORTHJ-10-920
DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010920
Article History:
Received Date: 10/10/2015Revision Received Date: 10/11/2015
Acceptance Date: 31/05/2016
Electronic publication date: 30/12/2016
Collection year: 2016

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background:
Orthopaedic implants such as the total hip or total knee replacement are examples of surgical interventions with postoperative success rates of over 90% at 10 years. Implant failure is associated with wear particles and pain that requires surgical revision. Improving the implant - bone surface interface is a key area for biomaterial research for future clinical applications. Current implants utilise mechanical, chemical or physical methods for surface modification.
Methods:
A review of all literature concerning the nanoscale surface modification of orthopaedic implant technology was conducted.
Results:
The techniques and fabrication methods of nanoscale surface modifications are discussed in detail, including benefits and potential pitfalls. Future directions for nanoscale surface technology are explored.
Conclusion:
Future understanding of the role of mechanical cues and protein adsorption will enable greater flexibility in surface control. The aim of this review is to investigate and summarise the current concepts and future directions for controlling the implant nanosurface to improve interactions.